Info Linux and Microcontroller

Some years ago, Assembly Language was very popular. I used TASM , MASM and Microsoft Debug on that time. I think Debug one of the very powerful tools for cracking.

I just figure out, is there any Assembly Language in Linux?

Because, usually Assembly Language use DOS and BIOS Interrupt Services.

I finally found a good application, named NASM (Net wide Assembler). I have tried the sample codes from http://leto.net/writing/nasm.php.

NASM doesn’t have a text editor, so you can use your familiar text editor then save the file with .asm file extension.

There are few main differences to be considered when you use assembly language in Linux:

* In DOS mostly you use interrupt int 21h, int 10h and int 16h. In Linux, everything is handled by kernel with int 80h.
*Linux is a 32-bit protected mode operating system, so have to use extended 32-bit registers, such as EAX, EBX, ECX and so on. In 16-bit register, you still use AX, BX,CX etc …. registers.
*In 32-bit programming, you don’t have to think about segments at all because it runs in the flat memory model.
*I think no body write DOS assembly anymore. Hey… it’s 16 bit.

How I can get Nasm?

NASM is listed in Ubuntu Repository, so just download it using apt.

vishnu@vishnu-desktop:~$ sudo apt-get install nasm

Write your first Linux Assembly Language Application
Here I will Show you a step by step example for Displaying "hello World"

Step 1. Type the code

You can use, vim, vi, gedit etc. The extension must be .asm.

vishnu@vishnu-desktop:~$ sudo vim hello.asm

section .data

hello: db ‘Hello world!’,10

helloLen: equ $-hello

section .text

global _start

_start:

mov eax,4

mov ebx,1

mov ecx,hello

mov edx,helloLen

int 80h

mov eax,1

mov ebx,0

int 80h

save the file.

Actually, I’m new myself in Assembly Programming in Linux. I took the codes above from the NASM website. I just wanna show you that we can do Assembly Programming in Linux. If you want to know deeper you can go

to this link: ……………………..

Step 2. Compile .asm (source code) to .o (object)

vishnu@vishnu-desktop:~$ nasm -f elf hello.asm

Step 3. Link the object file to produce an executable file.

vishnu@vishnu-desktop:~$ ld -s -o hello hello.o

Now, you have 3 files, hello.asm (your source code), hello.o (your object file) and hello (your program).

Step 4. Ready to run

You can run your program by typing:

vishnu@vishnu-desktop:~$ ./hello

Hello world!

Congratulations! You have just written your first assembly program in Linux.

If you want to know more details about nasm and ld, you can see the manual.

vishnu@vishnu-desktop:~$ man ld

vishnu@vishnu-desktop:~$ man nasm

• about: (Main page, You can see a logo)
• about:credits (This page shows the details of people contributing in the FireFox )
• about:license (The FireFox browser license)
• about:buildconfig (Details of build platform and tools used and details)
• about:config (FireFox settings that you can tweak, Use this very carefully )
• about:mozilla (A Firefox easter egg! )
• about:robots (A funny comment about robots!)
• About kitchensink (funny picture!! through online )

check all the above secrets in your browser with out fear. about:config will only use for viewing , change only with proper knowledge.

Cinelerra is the most advanced non-linear video editor and compositor for Linux. It is developed by Adam William. Cinelerra does primarily 3 things: capturing, compositing, and editing audio and video with sample level accuracy. It's a movie studio in a box. If you want the same kind of editing suite that the big bosses use, on an efficient Linux operating system, it's time for Cinelerra.
see more screen shots here
See Maual Here

How to install cinelerra in ubuntu 8.10

deb http://akirad.cinelerra.org akirad-intrepid main

Installation notes:
- For your convenience you can install a package for detecting your version of Ubuntu, installing akirad repository and keeping it updated.
Just double click on the link http://akirad.cinelerra.org/pool/addakirad.deb and install it with GDebi Package Installer.

or

Alternatively, use one of the following terminal commands:

echo deb http://akirad.cinelerra.org akirad-intrepid main | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/akirad.list && wget -q http://akirad.cinelerra.org/dists/akirad.key -O- | sudo apt-key add - && sudo apt-get update

4 packages are available in the akirad repository: Install it using synaptic package manager

cinelerra (all computers)
cinelerra-gl (best on computer with opengl2.0 shader)
cinelerra-smp (best on multiprocessors computer, it allows also opengl2.0 shader)
cinelerra-swtc (extra Shape Wipe Transitions)

If You have Sound Problem use the following or read this

- Ubuntu Intrepid uses Pulse Audio as Sound driver. Since it comes with a PulseAudio ESD compatibility layer, Cinelerra can be set to work with PulseAudio. Simply open Cinelerra and go to Settings->Preferences->Playback->Audio Driver. Select ESound and set the following parameters:
Server:
Port: 7007

Here you can see installation details for all linux distros including old ubuntu

$ sudo apt-get install stardict

Stardict is a dictionary, thesaurus, translator !!!

We can use more that one dictionary database, for example: Merrian Webster Dictionary, Longman Dictionary, etc. You can download the dictionary files from http://stardict.sourceforge.net/Dictionaries_dictd-www.dict.org.php

The dictionary files should go here: /usr/share/stardict/dic
Steps to add New Dictionary (example uses logman dictionary)

download stardict-longman-2.4.2.tar.bz2 files

$ sudo cp stardict-longman-2.4.2.tar.bz2 /usr/share/stardict/dic $ sudo tar -xjvf stardict-longman-2.4.2.tar.bz2


You can re arrange the search order of your dictionaries
It can be used for testing pronunciation, After installation it will be available on Applications-->Accessories

New comic book Hacket and Bankwell book geared at introducing GNU/Linux — specifically Ubuntu GNU/Linux — to new users. At about 30 pages long, the first issue is an easy read, and doesn’t get too bogged down by technical details, political ruminations, or an over-abundance of geekiness. A couple panels are dense with historical information, but it doesn’t detract from the pace of the simple story too much.

Download book Here

If you've never tried Firefox, Safari, Opera Google Chrome or other Internet Explorer alternatives, now might be a good time. Microsoft's flagship browser, the default choice on countless Windows machines, currently has a serious security flaw that affects all versions of the browser running on any version of Windows. The vulnerability allows hackers to gain access to any sensitive data on your PC.

While Internet Explorer may not be the most secure of browsers, at least Microsoft is fast when it comes to patching vulnerabilities. The company is getting ready to push out an emergency update for the very serious flaw.

See liks http://blog.wired.com/business/2008/12/ie-fans-beware.html
http://blog.wired.com/business/2008/12/microsoft-to-ru.html